Economic geography is a discipline that explores the interactions between economic activities and geographic space, with an emphasis on how resources and population influence the economic development of world regions. The study of economic regions allows an understanding of the distribution and utilization of strategic resources, as well as the factors that determine global economic inequalities. In this context, population is considered a strategic resource, playing a key role in economic dynamics and the labor market. Natural resources – coal, oil and natural gas – are analyzed in terms of their geo-economic role, highlighting their impact on industries and international markets. The electricity industry plays a central role in supporting the business environment, providing the necessary infrastructure for modern economic activities. Tourism is also approached from a geo-economic perspective, emphasizing its importance for the economic development of regions and its influence on local and global markets.